University of Isfahan Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences 2251-7642 13 1 2023 10 23 Developing a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory and comparing its effectiveness with positive psychotherapy on social stigma and emotional malaise of mothers with children on the autism disorder Developing a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory and comparing its effectiveness with positive psychotherapy on social stigma and emotional malaise of mothers with children on the autism disorder 43 70 28345 10.22108/cbs.2023.138464.1800 FA Mohammadreza Amini PhD student in Counseling, Counseling Department, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. Hajar Torkan Assistant Professor, Clinical Psychology Department , School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran. Zzahra Yousefi Assistant Professor,Clinical Psychology Department , School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran. Iran. Journal Article 2023 07 19 The current research was carried out in line with the development of a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory and comparing its effectiveness with positive psychotherapy on on social stigma, emotional malaise of mothers with children on the autism. The method of this research was a combination of sequential exploratory type . In the qualitative section, Atride Stirling (2001) comparative thematic analysis method was used to compile and validate the package. The research community includes all related articles in the field of healthy human approach and interventions that were performed on mothers with autistic children, the number of which reached theoretical saturation with a total of 52 studies based on the inclusion criteria. Also, the agreement between 6 psychologists was used to determine the Content Validity Ratio and finally the coefficient of the evaluators was 0.88. The results of the theme analysis indicated that 18 basic themes were obtained in 8 organizing themes (satisfaction and enjoyment of life, loving creation and self, metacognition, peace, happiness, hope, continuity and meaning) and the therapeutic intervention package was based on Their frequency was compiled. Research method in the quantitative part; It included a three-stage, three-group semi-experimental design, which finally included 14 people in each group, taking into account statistical attrition. The statistical population in both the pilot study and the main study included all the mothers of children with autism disorders who referred to autism centers in Isfahan city in July 2022. The data in all three stages were collected by Social stigma scale’s Rezaeidehnavi et al (2010) and Toronto Ataxia Scale (TAS-20). The package of positive psychotherapy according to Rashid and Seligman (2013) was implemented during 8 sessions and the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory was implemented during 9 sessions of 90 minutes. The findings of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that both therapeutic intervention packages based on the healthy human theory and positive psychotherapy reduced social stigma and emotional malaise in mothers with children on the autism, and this effectiveness was sustained during the follow-up phase has been (p≥0.05). As a result, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two therapeutic intervention packages in the post-test and follow-up phase, and these therapeutic interventions can be used to improve on social stigma, emotional malaise in mothers with autistic children. Introduction The current research was carried out in line with the development of a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory and comparing its effectiveness with positive psychotherapy on on social stigma, emotional malaise of mothers with children on the autism. The method of this research was a combination of sequential exploratory type . In the qualitative section, Atride Stirling (2001) comparative thematic analysis method was used to compile and validate the package. The research community includes all related articles in the field of healthy human approach and interventions that were performed on mothers with autistic children, the number of which reached theoretical saturation with a total of 52 studies based on the inclusion criteria. Also, the agreement between 6 psychologists was used to determine the Content Validity Ratio and finally the coefficient of the evaluators was 0.88. The results of the theme analysis indicated that 18 basic themes were obtained in 8 organizing themes (satisfaction and enjoyment of life, loving creation and self, metacognition, peace, happiness, hope, continuity and meaning) and the therapeutic intervention package was based on Their frequency was compiled. Research method in the quantitative part; It included a three-stage, three-group semi-experimental design, which finally included 14 people in each group, taking into account statistical attrition. The statistical population in both the pilot study and the main study included all the mothers of children with autism disorders who referred to autism centers in Isfahan city in July 2022. The data in all three stages were collected by Social stigma scale’s Rezaeidehnavi et al (2010) and Toronto Ataxia Scale (TAS-20). The package of positive psychotherapy according to Rashid and Seligman (2013) was implemented during 8 sessions and the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory was implemented during 9 sessions of 90 minutes. The findings of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that both therapeutic intervention packages based on the healthy human theory and positive psychotherapy reduced social stigma and emotional malaise in mothers with children on the autism, and this effectiveness was sustained during the follow-up phase has been (p≥0.05). As a result, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two therapeutic intervention packages in the post-test and follow-up phase, and these therapeutic interventions can be used to improve on social stigma, emotional malaise in mothers with autistic children. Keywords: Healthy human theory, Social stigma, Positive psychotherapy, Emotional malaise, Autism. Introduction Method The current study used a combination of sequential exploratory method. In the qualitative section, Atride Stirling (2001) comparative thematic analysis method was used to compile and validate the package. The research community includes all related articles in the field of the healthy human approach and interventions that were performed on mothers with autistic children. The research community reached theoretical saturation with a total of 52 studies based on the inclusion criteria. Also, the agreement between 6 psychologists was considered to determine the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Finally, the coefficient of the evaluators turned to be 0.88. Research method in the quantitative part included a three-stage, three-group semi-experimental design, which included 14 people in each group, taking into account statistical attrition. The statistical population in both the pilot study and the main study included all the mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders who had referred to autism centers in Isfahan in July 2022. The data in all three stages were collected by means of Rezaeidehnavi et al (2010) Social stigma scale and Toronto Ataxia Scale (TAS-20). The package of positive psychotherapy according to Rashid and Seligman (2013) was implemented during 8 sessions and the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory was implemented during 9 sessions of 90 minutes each. Results The results of the content analysis of the qualitative section reached 18 basic themes with 8 organizing ones (satisfaction and enjoyment of life, loving the creatures and self, metacognition, peace, happiness, hope, continuity and meaning). The therapeutic intervention package was based on their frequency. After the compilation and final approval of the therapeutic intervention package, a pilot (preliminary) study was conducted. The results of the study showed that the difference between the mean scores of the pre-test and post-test in the variables of social hotness and dyslexia in the preliminary sample of the study are significantly different(p≤0.05). Descriptive findings indicated that the average of social anxiety and aphasia in the intervention groups (positive psychotherapy and therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory) has a greater decrease in the post-test and follow-up stages than the pre-test compared to the control group. The findings of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that both therapeutic intervention packages reduced social stigma and emotional malaise in mothers with children on the autism spectrum, and this effectiveness was sustained during the follow-up phase (p≥0.05). Table 1. The results of the analysis of between-subject effects in the study variables statistical power eta p F mean squares df sum of squares Source variable .82 .223 .007 5.59 6431.46 2 12862.92 group social stigma 1150.08 39 44853.04 error .99 .381 .001 77.99 1680.80 2 3361.61 group emotional malaise 140.11 39 5464.45 error Conclusion: Considering the limitations of the study based on generalizations due to the limited population, it is suggested that the current study be conducted on mothers with children with Down syndrome disorders, mental-motor disabilities, and autism levels (mild, moderate, and severe), and its results be compared with the current study. Also, considering that a review of articles was used to develop a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory, it is suggested that future studies, through interviews with parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, develop a more specific package that is in line with the problems of parents. In general, according to the results of the study, it is suggested that these interventions be included in the mental health programs of exceptional children's centers as preventive and promoting strategies for the mental health of parents, especially mothers with exceptional children. Also, the trustees of psychological centers and statistical survey health centers in order to identify families with autistic children or other psychological disorders can use these interventions to hold training courses and psychotherapy workshops for members of families with autistic children. Method The current study used a combination of sequential exploratory method. In the qualitative section, Atride Stirling (2001) comparative thematic analysis method was used to compile and validate the package. The research community includes all related articles in the field of the healthy human approach and interventions that were performed on mothers with autistic children. The research community reached theoretical saturation with a total of 52 studies based on the inclusion criteria. Also, the agreement between 6 psychologists was considered to determine the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Finally, the coefficient of the evaluators turned to be 0.88. Research method in the quantitative part included a three-stage, three-group semi-experimental design, which included 14 people in each group, taking into account statistical attrition. The statistical population in both the pilot study and the main study included all the mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders who had referred to autism centers in Isfahan in July 2022. The data in all three stages were collected by means of Rezaeidehnavi et al (2010) Social stigma scale and Toronto Ataxia Scale (TAS-20). The package of positive psychotherapy according to Rashid and Seligman (2013) was implemented during 8 sessions and the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory was implemented during 9 sessions of 90 minutes each. Results The results of the content analysis of the qualitative section reached 18 basic themes with 8 organizing ones (satisfaction and enjoyment of life, loving the creatures and self, metacognition, peace, happiness, hope, continuity and meaning). The therapeutic intervention package was based on their frequency. After the compilation and final approval of the therapeutic intervention package, a pilot (preliminary) study was conducted. The results of the study showed that the difference between the mean scores of the pre-test and post-test in the variables of social hotness and dyslexia in the preliminary sample of the study are significantly different(p≤0.05). Descriptive findings indicated that the average of social anxiety and aphasia in the intervention groups (positive psychotherapy and therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory) has a greater decrease in the post-test and follow-up stages than the pre-test compared to the control group. The findings of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that both therapeutic intervention packages reduced social stigma and emotional malaise in mothers with children on the autism spectrum, and this effectiveness was sustained during the follow-up phase (p≥0.05). Table 1. The results of the analysis of between-subject effects in the study variables statistical power eta p F mean squares df sum of squares Source variable .82 .223 .007 5.59 6431.46 2 12862.92 group social stigma 1150.08 39 44853.04 error .99 .381 .001 77.99 1680.80 2 3361.61 group emotional malaise 140.11 39 5464.45 error Conclusion: Considering the limitations of the study based on generalizations due to the limited population, it is suggested that the current study be conducted on mothers with children with Down syndrome disorders, mental-motor disabilities, and autism levels (mild, moderate, and severe), and its results be compared with the current study. Also, considering that a review of articles was used to develop a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory, it is suggested that future studies, through interviews with parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, develop a more specific package that is in line with the problems of parents. In general, according to the results of the study, it is suggested that these interventions be included in the mental health programs of exceptional children's centers as preventive and promoting strategies for the mental health of parents, especially mothers with exceptional children. Also, the trustees of psychological centers and statistical survey health centers in order to identify families with autistic children or other psychological disorders can use these interventions to hold training courses and psychotherapy workshops for members of families with autistic children. The current research was carried out in line with the development of a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory and comparing its effectiveness with positive psychotherapy on on social stigma, emotional malaise of mothers with children on the autism. The method of this research was a combination of sequential exploratory type . In the qualitative section, Atride Stirling (2001) comparative thematic analysis method was used to compile and validate the package. The research community includes all related articles in the field of healthy human approach and interventions that were performed on mothers with autistic children, the number of which reached theoretical saturation with a total of 52 studies based on the inclusion criteria. Also, the agreement between 6 psychologists was used to determine the Content Validity Ratio and finally the coefficient of the evaluators was 0.88. The results of the theme analysis indicated that 18 basic themes were obtained in 8 organizing themes (satisfaction and enjoyment of life, loving creation and self, metacognition, peace, happiness, hope, continuity and meaning) and the therapeutic intervention package was based on Their frequency was compiled. Research method in the quantitative part; It included a three-stage, three-group semi-experimental design, which finally included 14 people in each group, taking into account statistical attrition. The statistical population in both the pilot study and the main study included all the mothers of children with autism disorders who referred to autism centers in Isfahan city in July 2022. The data in all three stages were collected by Social stigma scale’s Rezaeidehnavi et al (2010) and Toronto Ataxia Scale (TAS-20). The package of positive psychotherapy according to Rashid and Seligman (2013) was implemented during 8 sessions and the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory was implemented during 9 sessions of 90 minutes. The findings of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that both therapeutic intervention packages based on the healthy human theory and positive psychotherapy reduced social stigma and emotional malaise in mothers with children on the autism, and this effectiveness was sustained during the follow-up phase has been (p≥0.05). As a result, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two therapeutic intervention packages in the post-test and follow-up phase, and these therapeutic interventions can be used to improve on social stigma, emotional malaise in mothers with autistic children. Introduction The current research was carried out in line with the development of a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory and comparing its effectiveness with positive psychotherapy on on social stigma, emotional malaise of mothers with children on the autism. The method of this research was a combination of sequential exploratory type . In the qualitative section, Atride Stirling (2001) comparative thematic analysis method was used to compile and validate the package. The research community includes all related articles in the field of healthy human approach and interventions that were performed on mothers with autistic children, the number of which reached theoretical saturation with a total of 52 studies based on the inclusion criteria. Also, the agreement between 6 psychologists was used to determine the Content Validity Ratio and finally the coefficient of the evaluators was 0.88. The results of the theme analysis indicated that 18 basic themes were obtained in 8 organizing themes (satisfaction and enjoyment of life, loving creation and self, metacognition, peace, happiness, hope, continuity and meaning) and the therapeutic intervention package was based on Their frequency was compiled. Research method in the quantitative part; It included a three-stage, three-group semi-experimental design, which finally included 14 people in each group, taking into account statistical attrition. The statistical population in both the pilot study and the main study included all the mothers of children with autism disorders who referred to autism centers in Isfahan city in July 2022. The data in all three stages were collected by Social stigma scale’s Rezaeidehnavi et al (2010) and Toronto Ataxia Scale (TAS-20). The package of positive psychotherapy according to Rashid and Seligman (2013) was implemented during 8 sessions and the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory was implemented during 9 sessions of 90 minutes. The findings of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that both therapeutic intervention packages based on the healthy human theory and positive psychotherapy reduced social stigma and emotional malaise in mothers with children on the autism, and this effectiveness was sustained during the follow-up phase has been (p≥0.05). As a result, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two therapeutic intervention packages in the post-test and follow-up phase, and these therapeutic interventions can be used to improve on social stigma, emotional malaise in mothers with autistic children. Keywords: Healthy human theory, Social stigma, Positive psychotherapy, Emotional malaise, Autism. Introduction Method The current study used a combination of sequential exploratory method. In the qualitative section, Atride Stirling (2001) comparative thematic analysis method was used to compile and validate the package. The research community includes all related articles in the field of the healthy human approach and interventions that were performed on mothers with autistic children. The research community reached theoretical saturation with a total of 52 studies based on the inclusion criteria. Also, the agreement between 6 psychologists was considered to determine the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Finally, the coefficient of the evaluators turned to be 0.88. Research method in the quantitative part included a three-stage, three-group semi-experimental design, which included 14 people in each group, taking into account statistical attrition. The statistical population in both the pilot study and the main study included all the mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders who had referred to autism centers in Isfahan in July 2022. The data in all three stages were collected by means of Rezaeidehnavi et al (2010) Social stigma scale and Toronto Ataxia Scale (TAS-20). The package of positive psychotherapy according to Rashid and Seligman (2013) was implemented during 8 sessions and the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory was implemented during 9 sessions of 90 minutes each. Results The results of the content analysis of the qualitative section reached 18 basic themes with 8 organizing ones (satisfaction and enjoyment of life, loving the creatures and self, metacognition, peace, happiness, hope, continuity and meaning). The therapeutic intervention package was based on their frequency. After the compilation and final approval of the therapeutic intervention package, a pilot (preliminary) study was conducted. The results of the study showed that the difference between the mean scores of the pre-test and post-test in the variables of social hotness and dyslexia in the preliminary sample of the study are significantly different(p≤0.05). Descriptive findings indicated that the average of social anxiety and aphasia in the intervention groups (positive psychotherapy and therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory) has a greater decrease in the post-test and follow-up stages than the pre-test compared to the control group. The findings of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that both therapeutic intervention packages reduced social stigma and emotional malaise in mothers with children on the autism spectrum, and this effectiveness was sustained during the follow-up phase (p≥0.05). Table 1. The results of the analysis of between-subject effects in the study variables statistical power eta p F mean squares df sum of squares Source variable .82 .223 .007 5.59 6431.46 2 12862.92 group social stigma 1150.08 39 44853.04 error .99 .381 .001 77.99 1680.80 2 3361.61 group emotional malaise 140.11 39 5464.45 error Conclusion: Considering the limitations of the study based on generalizations due to the limited population, it is suggested that the current study be conducted on mothers with children with Down syndrome disorders, mental-motor disabilities, and autism levels (mild, moderate, and severe), and its results be compared with the current study. Also, considering that a review of articles was used to develop a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory, it is suggested that future studies, through interviews with parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, develop a more specific package that is in line with the problems of parents. In general, according to the results of the study, it is suggested that these interventions be included in the mental health programs of exceptional children's centers as preventive and promoting strategies for the mental health of parents, especially mothers with exceptional children. Also, the trustees of psychological centers and statistical survey health centers in order to identify families with autistic children or other psychological disorders can use these interventions to hold training courses and psychotherapy workshops for members of families with autistic children. Method The current study used a combination of sequential exploratory method. In the qualitative section, Atride Stirling (2001) comparative thematic analysis method was used to compile and validate the package. The research community includes all related articles in the field of the healthy human approach and interventions that were performed on mothers with autistic children. The research community reached theoretical saturation with a total of 52 studies based on the inclusion criteria. Also, the agreement between 6 psychologists was considered to determine the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Finally, the coefficient of the evaluators turned to be 0.88. Research method in the quantitative part included a three-stage, three-group semi-experimental design, which included 14 people in each group, taking into account statistical attrition. The statistical population in both the pilot study and the main study included all the mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders who had referred to autism centers in Isfahan in July 2022. The data in all three stages were collected by means of Rezaeidehnavi et al (2010) Social stigma scale and Toronto Ataxia Scale (TAS-20). The package of positive psychotherapy according to Rashid and Seligman (2013) was implemented during 8 sessions and the therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory was implemented during 9 sessions of 90 minutes each. Results The results of the content analysis of the qualitative section reached 18 basic themes with 8 organizing ones (satisfaction and enjoyment of life, loving the creatures and self, metacognition, peace, happiness, hope, continuity and meaning). The therapeutic intervention package was based on their frequency. After the compilation and final approval of the therapeutic intervention package, a pilot (preliminary) study was conducted. The results of the study showed that the difference between the mean scores of the pre-test and post-test in the variables of social hotness and dyslexia in the preliminary sample of the study are significantly different(p≤0.05). Descriptive findings indicated that the average of social anxiety and aphasia in the intervention groups (positive psychotherapy and therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory) has a greater decrease in the post-test and follow-up stages than the pre-test compared to the control group. The findings of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that both therapeutic intervention packages reduced social stigma and emotional malaise in mothers with children on the autism spectrum, and this effectiveness was sustained during the follow-up phase (p≥0.05). Table 1. The results of the analysis of between-subject effects in the study variables statistical power eta p F mean squares df sum of squares Source variable .82 .223 .007 5.59 6431.46 2 12862.92 group social stigma 1150.08 39 44853.04 error .99 .381 .001 77.99 1680.80 2 3361.61 group emotional malaise 140.11 39 5464.45 error Conclusion: Considering the limitations of the study based on generalizations due to the limited population, it is suggested that the current study be conducted on mothers with children with Down syndrome disorders, mental-motor disabilities, and autism levels (mild, moderate, and severe), and its results be compared with the current study. Also, considering that a review of articles was used to develop a therapeutic intervention package based on the healthy human theory, it is suggested that future studies, through interviews with parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, develop a more specific package that is in line with the problems of parents. In general, according to the results of the study, it is suggested that these interventions be included in the mental health programs of exceptional children's centers as preventive and promoting strategies for the mental health of parents, especially mothers with exceptional children. Also, the trustees of psychological centers and statistical survey health centers in order to identify families with autistic children or other psychological disorders can use these interventions to hold training courses and psychotherapy workshops for members of families with autistic children.

https://cbs.ui.ac.ir/article_28345_eedbf19fc0c48eb805c3922d9e04f3b7.pdf